Improving Employee Performance through Servant Leadership and Managerial Skills: The Strategic Role of Career Achievement
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62872/d1tc8t33Keywords:
Servant Leadership, Managerial Skills, Career Achievements, Employee PerformanceAbstract
This study aims to analyze the influence of servant leadership and managerial skills on employee performance with career achievement as a mediating variable. The research uses a quantitative approach with the type of explanatory research. The data was analyzed using the Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) method with the help of SmartPLS software. The results of the study show that servant leadership has a positive effect on employee performance and career achievement. Managerial skills have been proven to have a positive effect on career achievement, but do not have a direct effect on employee performance. Furthermore, career achievement has a positive and significant influence on employee performance. The results of the mediation test showed that career achievement was able to mediate the influence of servant leadership and managerial skills on employee performance. These findings indicate that service-oriented leadership and managerial skill development need to be integrated with career management systems to optimally improve employee performance. This research provides practical implications for human resource management in designing sustainable leadership and career development strategies
Downloads
References
Aboramadan, M., & Hamad, M. H. (2021). Servant leadership and academics outcomes in higher education : the role of job satisfaction. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 29(3), 562–584. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOA-11-2019-1923
Adittya, A., Andini, L., & Sa, L. (2021). JMK (Journal of Management and Entrepreneurship) The Effect of Competence and Motivation on Performance with Career Development as a Mediation Variable. Journal of Management and Entrepreneurship, 6(1), 42–59. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.32503/jmk.v6i1.1214
Agusta, N. F., & Azmy, A. (2023). Servant Leadership and Career Development: Supporting Employee Growth. International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding, 10(12), 350. https://doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v10i12.5320
Anwar, S., Hardhienata, S., & Sunardi, O. (2024). Increasing The Quality Of Lecturer Service Through Strengthening Servant Leadership, Empowerment, Work Motivation, And Job Satisfaction: An Empirical Study Approach using Path Analysis and SITOREM Analysis. 1, 508–527.
Aquino, S. R. A. (2023). Managerial Skills and Organizational Performance among School Heads: A Contingency Management Action Plan. International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews, 4(3), 890–895. https://doi.org/10.55248/gengpi.2023.31750
Ashari, R. P., M, S. B. P., F, M. A. A., & Anshori, M. I. (2024). The Role of Transformational Leadership in Innovative Employee Performance Improvement. 1(2).
Balwant, P. T., Birdi, K., & Stephan, U. (2019). Transformational instructor-leadership and academic performance : A moderated mediation model of student engagement and structural distance. Journal of Further and Higher Education, 43(7), 1–37. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/0309877X.2017.1420149
Bangbon, P., Snongtaweeporn, T., Channuwong, S., & Katangchol, S. (2023). Strategic Human Resource Management for Organizational Performance of Thai Higher Education Institutions. Journal of Positive Psychology & Wellbeing, 7(2), 897–911.
Basalama, M. Z. S., & Piartrini, P. S. (2019). The Influence of Servant Leadership and Organizational Commitment on the Performance of Employees of the Fund Section of Bank Sulawesi Kendari. E-Journal of Management, 8(10), 5984–6001.
Becker, G. S. (1975). Human Capital: a Theoretical and Empirical Analysis , with Special Reference to Education.
Beenen, G., Pichler, S., Livingston, B., & Riggio, R. (2021). The Good Manager: Development and Validation of the Managerial Interpersonal Skills Scale. Frontiers in Psychology, 12(March), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.631390
Corbeanu, A., & Iliescu, D. (2023). The Link Between Work Engagement and Job Performance. Journal of Personnel Psychology, 22(3), 111–122. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1027/1866-5888/a000316
Cui, P., Chang, S., Tian, G., Li, Z., Cheng, C., Chang, L., & Zhang, J. (2025). The mediating effects of psychological capital and career success in the relationship between leadership styles and job satisfaction among nurse managers : a cross-sectional study. BMC Nursing, 24(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/ttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-025-03616-6
Dafiq, M., & Solihat, A. (2023). Correlation between Commitment and Organizational Performance. International Journal of Business, Economics, and Social Development, 4(4), 341–347. https://doi.org/10.46336/ijbesd.v4i4.466
Desai, S. J. D., Chaudhari, D. R. N., Rathwa, D. Y. H., Sipai, D. S. A., Bhuriya, D. K. P., & Patel, D. P. C. (2024). Managerial Skills in Agriculture: the Crucial Role for Professionals and Farmers. Futuristic Trends in Social Sciences Volume 3 Book 13, 3, 127–134. https://doi.org/10.58532/v3bkso13p4ch4
Durie, A. D., & Beshir, E. S. (2016). Arabian Journal of Business and Leadership Effectiveness in Higher Education Institutions : The IPA Approach. Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review, 6(5), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.4172/2223-5833.1000243
Esther, D., Contreras, Á., David, J., & Padilla, M. (2023). Management skills as a factor of business competitiveness. 2(2). https://doi.org/10.58763/rc2023109
Eva, N., Robin, M., Sendjaya, S., Dierendonck, D. Van, & Liden, R. C. (2019). Servant Leadership : A systematic review and call for future research. The Leadership Quarterly, 30(1), 111–132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2018.07.004
Fakhri, M., Raharja, S. J., Purnomo, M., & Rivani, R. (2024). Developing potential of female employees: The mediating role of engagement and citizenship behavior in servant leadership. Journal of Infrastructure, Policy and Development, 8(6), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.24294/jipd.v8i6.3967
Farooqui, N. S. (2024). Servant Leadership , Trust , Organizational Citizenship Behavior : Triadic Model for Educational Achievement. 6(3), 445–456.
Ghozali. (2014). Application of Multivariate analysis with SPSS Program. UNDIPP Publishing Agency.
Ghozali, I. (2021). Partial Least Squares: Concepts, Techniques and Applications Using Smart PLS 3.2.9 For Emperis Research (3rd ed.). Publishing Agency of Diponegoro University.
Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2022). A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) (Third Edit). SAGE Publications, Inc.
Hanh, N. T. T. (2023). Organizational Factors Affecting Lecturer Performance in HEIs in the Context of Blended Learning: An Empirical Study in Vietnam. Journal of Higher Education Policy and Leadership Studies, 4(4), 32–49. https://doi.org/10.61186/johepal.4.4.32
Helmuth, C. A., Cole, M. S., & Vendette, S. (2023). Actions are authentic , but are leaders ? A reconceptualization of authenticity and leadership practice. Journal of Organizational Behaviour, April, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.2723
Hoover, K., & Douglas, M. (2018). Learning servant leadership and identifying community-based strategies in times of divide: A student, faculty, community partner interfaith collaboration. Journal of Leadership Education, 17(2), 83–91. https://doi.org/10.12806/v17/i2/a1
Ituma, O. A., Agu, S. U., Ozo, F. K., Anthony, O., & Onwe, J. C. (2024). The Impact of Career Development on Employee Performance in the Civil Service Sector : A Nigerian Context. Journal of Chinese Human Resources Management, 15(1), 42–63. https://doi.org/10.47297/wspchrmWSP2040-800504.20241501
Joni, I. M., Putra, D., Utari, N. D., & Wirata, G. (2024). The Effect of Knowledge Sharing, Innovation Behavior and Job Satisfaction on the Performance of Badung Regency Bappeda Employees. 5(3), 2066–2072.
Kumari, K., Abbas, J., Hwang, J., & Cioca, L. I. (2022). Does Servant Leadership Promote Emotional Intelligence and Organizational Citizenship Behavior among Employees? A Structural Analysis. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/su14095231
Mashavira, N., & Chipunza, C. (2021). Managerial conceptual competencies and the performance of small and medium-sized enterprises in Zimbabwe. Southern African Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Management, 13(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.4102/SAJESBM.V13I1.386
Moha, Y. A. (2024). The Influence of Organizational Culture, Career Development and Job Satisfaction on Improving the Performance of State Civil Apparatus (ASN) in Regional Secretariats. 1(3), 110–117.
Mohamed, S. A., D., D. K., & R., D. J. (2022). Decision Making Capability of Management & Its Optimum Effectiveness with Competent Technical Skills in Business Process Management. Webology, 19(1), 4055–4067. https://doi.org/10.14704/web/v19i1/web19267
Muhammad Basri, & Rosfiah Arsal. (2022). The Effect of Employee Work Effectiveness and Efficiency on the Organizational Performance of the Kendari City Social Service. Journal of Public, 5(4), 1127–1138. https://doi.org/10.35817/publicuho.v5i4.52
N, A. (2016). Managerial Time Management. Journal of Accounting & Marketing, 5(2), 2–5. https://doi.org/10.4172/2168-9601.1000171
Nadeak, S. A. Y., & Siregar, O. M. (2022). The Effect of Training and Servant Leadership on the Emergence of Work Engagement in Employees of Pt. Bank Sumut Balige Branch During the Covid-19 Pandemic. Journal of Social Research, 1(9), 1076–1085. https://doi.org/10.55324/josr.v1i9.1377
Nazir, T., & Iqbal, A. (2024). Servant leadership and employee innovative behaviour: Unpacking the role of support for innovation and creative self-efficacy in knowledge intensive service context. The Business and Management Review, 15(01), 15–17. https://doi.org/10.24052/bmr/v15nu01/art-02
Nazirwan, N., & Fadhlan, F. (2024). Performance of the State Civil Apparatus in the General Administration and Personnel Section at the Sawahlunto City Population Control and Family Planning Health Service. Adabi : Journal of Public Administration and Business, 11(1), 47–56. https://doi.org/10.62066/jpab.v11i1.16
Pradipta, D. A., & Pusparini, E. S. (2024). Uncovering the Power of Perceived Organizational Support and Servant Leadership on Employee Performance: Exploring Work Engagement as a Key Mediator in the Public Sector. Journal of Management and Organization, 14(4), 440–457. https://doi.org/10.29244/jmo.v14i4.47281
Pujiastutianingsih, K., & Ricky, R. (2023). Implementation of Servant Leadership at “X” Christian High School in Surabaya. Petra International Journal of Business Studies, 6(2), 146–156. https://doi.org/10.9744/petraijbs.6.2.146-156
Ramdhani, G., Pintor, S., & Patiro, S. (2024). The Mediation Role of Job Satisfaction on the Performance of Employees of the Education Office. Jimkes, 12(6), 2241–2250. https://doi.org/10.37641/jimkes.v12i6.2915
Robbins, S. P., & Judge, T. A. (2016). Organizational Behavior. In Organizational Behavior. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315669304
Rosier, K., Llaugel, F., & Ridley, D. (2024). A Corporate Managerial Framework for Collaboration Skills Training of Employees From Formerly Oppressed Communities. Journal of Applied Business and Economics, 26(3), 155–176. https://doi.org/10.33423/jabe.v26i3.7139
Rossi, L., Pasca, M. G., Arcese, G., & Poponi, S. (2024). Innovation, researcher and creativity: A complex indicator for territorial evaluation capacity. Technology in Society, 77(April), 102545. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2024.102545
Russell, R. F. (2006). The role of values in servant leadership Robert. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 22(2), 76–84. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01437730110382631
Saing, B., Prasetyo, E. T., & Solihin, M. A. (2021). The Effect of Job Promotion on the Performance of Employees of PT Federal International Finance. JEMMA (Journal of Economics, Management and Accounting), 4(2), 169. https://doi.org/10.35914/jemma.v4i2.759
Shaasha, I., Msabah, B. A., Shaasha, I., Msabah, B. A., & Kyule, A. K. (2024). Moderating Effect of Empowerment on Servant Leadership and Church Spiritual Growth Moderating Effect of Empowerment on Servant Leadership and Church Spiritual Growth. American Journal of Leadership and Governance, 9(2), 38–63.
Silalahi, M., Candra, V., Grace, E., Simatupang, S., & Julyanthry, J. (2022). Servant Leadership and Its Influence on Employee Performance. International Journal of Educational Review, Law And Social Sciences (IJERLAS), 2(2), 295–304. https://doi.org/10.54443/ijerlas.v2i2.232
Siregar, B., Putra, R., & Akmal, N. (2024). Construct Analysis of AMDA Model Syntax Using the Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Square ( SEM-PLS ) Method. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 10(10), 8219–8226. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v10i10.9041
Smith, C. (2005). Servant leadership : the leadership theory of Robert K Greenleaf. Leadership Quarterly, 1–17.
Sugiarti, E. (2022). The role of leadership in efforts to improve the quality of work, supported by strengthening work morale. SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF REFLECTION: Economics, Accounting, Management and Business, 5(1), 133–140. https://doi.org/10.37481/sjr.v5i1.439
Wang, L. (2024). Impact of Organizational Support in Colleges and Universities on Teachers’ Work Performance and Job Satisfaction: Basis for Faculty Support Program. International Journal of Education and Humanities, 14(1), 56–62. https://doi.org/10.54097/r89ndv24
Zaleha, S., Rasid, A., Daverson, R., & Selemani, A. (2014). The impact of human resource management practices on performance Evidence from a Public University. The Impact of HRM Practices, 26(2), 125–142. https://doi.org/10.1108/TQM-10-2011-0062.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Benita Rachmania (Author)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.






