Preventive Criminal Regulation on the Risk of Crime by Artificial Intelligence in Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62872/wdgr2m54Keywords:
Artificial Intelligence, Cybercrime, Preventive Criminal RegulationAbstract
The rapid development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology has presented new legal challenges, especially in the realm of criminal law in Indonesia. AI systems that are capable of acting autonomously create the potential for digital crime that cannot be reached by conventional criminal law structures that are oriented towards human offenders. The Criminal Code and Law No. 19 of 2016 concerning Information and Electronic Transactions are still human-centric and have not anticipated crimes mediated by non-human entities. This study uses normative juridical methods to evaluate the normative gaps in criminal regulation against AI-based crimes and offers a risk-based preventive criminal regulation model. This approach emphasizes the importance of a legal system that is adaptive to the design and implementation of AI from the early stages, by adopting the principles of risk-based regulation and precautionary principles. The regulations formulated must not only ensure legal accountability for potential violations, but also uphold ethical and human rights values. The recommendations include the need to redefine legal subjects, strengthen institutional capacity, and establish new laws on AI. Thus, risk-based criminal law reform is a juridical urgency in building a national legal system that is responsive to the threat of autonomous technology in the digital era.
Downloads
References
Caianiello, M. (2021). Dangerous liaisons. Potentialities and risks deriving from the interaction between artificial intelligence and preventive justice. European Journal of Crime, Criminal Law and Criminal Justice, 29(1), 1-23.
Dharmayanti, Y. P., & Soponyono, E. Criminal Law Policy in Efforts to Combat Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Cyber Crime. Jurnal Hukum Khaira Ummah, 20(2), 2255-2274.
Febriyani, E., Syarief, E., & Seroja, T. D. (2024). Pemanfaatan Artificial Intelligence dalam Deteksi dan Pencegahan Tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang: Potensi dan Tantangan Hukum. Jurnal Magister Hukum Udayana (Udayana Master Law Journal), 13(4), 877-898.
Haley, P., & Burrell, D. N. (2025). Using Artificial Intelligence in Law Enforcement and Policing to Improve Public Health and Safety. Law, Economics and Society, 1(1), p46-p46.
Hernawan, C. N. P., Antow, D. T., & Sendow, A. (2025). TINJAUAN HUKUM MENGENAI PENYALAHGUNAAN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE DALAM TINDAK PIDANA KEKERASAN SEKSUAL. LEX PRIVATUM, 15(5).
Iwannudin, I., & Heriani, I. (2025). Legal Challenges in Regulating Artificial Intelligence Use in Criminal Justice Systems. The Journal of Academic Science, 2(6), 1603-1611.
Kadir, Z. K. (2025). Meruntuhkan Pilar Keadilan: Apakah Sistem Peradilan Dapat Berfungsi Tanpa Standar Pembuktian?. Mandub: Jurnal Politik, Sosial, Hukum dan Humaniora, 3(2), 40-61..
Mahlil Adriaman et al., Pengantar Metode Penelitian Ilmu Hukum (Padang: Yayasan Tri Edukasi Ilmiah, 2024).
Nasution, R. (2025). Optimizing The Role Of Artificial Intelligence Technology In The Prevention And Enforcement Of Criminal Law: An Indonesian Legal Perspective. Jurnal Multidisiplin Sahombu, 5(02), 363-369.
Nirmala, A. Z., & Rahmania, N. (2025). Transformasi Bentuk Pelecehan Seksual Dalam Era Kecerdasan Buatan: Tinjauan Hukum Indonesia. Unizar Law Review, 8(1), 77-90.
Novea Elysa Wardhani, Sepriano, and Reni Sinta Yani, Metodologi Penelitian Bidang Hukum (Jambi: PT. Sonpedia Publishing Indonesia., 2025).
Nuhi, M. H., Al Ghozi, L., Nazla, S., & Syakirah, D. (2024). Pembaharuan Hukum Penanganan Tindak Pidana Pemalsuan Identitas Akibat Penyalahgunaan Artificial Intelligence Di Indonesia. Jurnal Batavia, 1(2), 80-88.
Peter Mahmud Marzuki, Penelitian Hukum (Jakarta: Kencana Prenada Media Group, 2011).
Puannandini, D. A., Fabian, R., Firdaus, R. A. P., Mustopa, M. Z., & Herdiyana, I. (2025). Liabilitas Produk Ai Dalam Sistem Hukum Indonesia: Implikasi Bagi Pengembang, Pengguna, Dan Penyedia Layanan. Iuris Studia: Jurnal Kajian Hukum, 6(1), 24-33.
Putri Mecca, A. S., Hidaya, W. A., & Tuasikal, H. (2025). PEMANFAATAN TEKNOLOGI KECERDASAN BUATAN (ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE) DALAM SISTEM PERADILAN PIDANA DI INDONESIA. Journal of Social & Technology/Jurnal Sosial dan Teknologi (SOSTECH), 5(6).
Rangga Suganda, “Metode Pendekatan Yuridis Dalam Memahami Sistem Penyelesaian Sengketa Ekonomi Syariah,” Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Islam 8, no. 3 (2022): 2859, https://doi.org/10.29040/jiei.v8i3.6485.
Ras, H., Pranadita, N., & Wiradirja, I. R. (2023). Potential technological interventions in transnational crime from the perspective of criminal law in Indonesia. Russian Law Journal, 11(3), 11-16.
Ruhtiani, M. (2025). HUKUM PIDANA DAN HAK CIPTA DI ERA KECERDASAN ARTIFISIAL: ANALISIS PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN DALAM HUKUM POSITIF DAN HUKUM ISLAM. Jurnal Al-Wasith: Jurnal Studi Hukum Islam, 10(1), 62-79.
Zulfa, A. A. PEMANFAATAN DATA PENGGUNA LAYANAN MELALUI COOKIE OLEH ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE DITINJAU DARI PERSPEKTIF HAK ASASI MANUSIA. Artificial Dalam Bidang Hukum Di Era Teknologi Informasi: Tantangan Dan Peluang, 95.
Zuwanda, Z. S., Lubis, A. F., Solapari, N., Sakmaf, M. S., & Triyantoro, A. (2024). Ethical and Legal Analysis of Artificial Intelligence Systems in Law Enforcement with a Study of Potential Human Rights Violations in Indonesia. The Easta Journal Law and Human Rights, 2(03), 176-185.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Hendri Khuan (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
