CONSUMER PROTECTION IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE E-COMMERCE TRANSACTIONS AN OVERVIEW FROM AN INTERNATIONAL CIVIL LAW PERSPECTIVE

Abstract

The development of information technology has encouraged the rapid growth of e-commerce transactions in international trade which makes it easier for business actors and consumers to conduct cross-border transactions. On the other hand, these developments also raise various legal problems, especially related to consumer protection due to differences in legal systems, jurisdictions, and dispute resolution mechanisms between countries. This study aims to analyze the form of legal protection for consumers in international trade e-commerce transactions and their dispute resolution mechanisms from the perspective of International Civil Law. This research uses normative legal research methods with a legislative approach and a conceptual approach. The legal materials used consist of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials that are analyzed qualitatively. The results of the study show that consumer protection in international e-commerce transactions is not only based on national law, but also requires the application of the principles of International Civil Law, such as choice of law, choice of forum, and recognition of foreign judgments. Dispute resolution can be done through litigation or non-litigation, especially international arbitration which is considered more effective in resolving transnational trade disputes. Therefore, it is necessary to harmonize regulations, cooperate between countries, and strengthen the consumer protection system in order to create legal certainty and effective protection in international trade e-commerce transactions.