Journal Nutrizione (JN) is a peer-reviewed open access international journal established for the dissemination of cutting-edge knowledge in the Nutrition. All submitted manuscripts will be reviewed by the editors and then evaluated by a minimum of two International Reviewers through a double-blind review process. This is done to ensure the quality of manuscripts published in the journal. The journal publishes original articles on current issues and trends occurring internationally in the the fields of: Community Nutrition, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation of nutrition programs, Clinical nutrition, Sports nutrition, Molecular nutrition, Biochemistry, Nutrition and Metabolism: the relationship between nutrition and disease, Food service: implementation and evaluation of food services in an institution (schools, hospital canteens, catering operations, offices and others), and various areas focusing on human nutrition. The journal, which has been published since 2024, is published four times each year in February, May, August and November. Journal title : Journal Nutrizione Initials : JN Frequency : 4 (four) times a year (February, May, August and November) DOI : 10.62872 ISSN Online : 3048-4138 Editor in Chief : Nurul Fadhilah Managing Editor : <strong style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bolder; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: 'Noto Serif', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Sefiani Dwi Azmi Assistant Editor : <strong style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bolder; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: 'Noto Serif', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Naela Mikyalul Faizah Publisher : PT. Anagata Sembagi Education Accreditation : On Process
The Trend of Ultra-Processed Food Consumption and Its Impact on Obesity Risk in Indonesia
Ultra-processed foods have become increasingly prevalent within Indonesia’s rapidly modernizing food environment, raising concerns regarding their contribution to the growing burden of obesity. This article synthesizes global and Indonesian evidence to examine trends in ultra-processed food consumption and their impact on obesity risk. Using a mixed-method design integrating a systematic literature review and secondary national data, the study identifies consistent increases in the availability, affordability and marketing of ultra-processed foods across Indonesia. Global and local findings show that diets high in ultra-processed foods are associated with higher body mass index, increased adiposity and greater obesity prevalence. Mechanistic pathways include high energy density, rapid digestibility, disrupted satiety regulation, glycaemic instability, altered hormonal signaling and extensive exposure to food marketing and hyper-palatable products. Structural factors such as urbanization, income disparities, changing household dynamics and modern retail expansion further drive consumption patterns. Although methodological heterogeneity persists across Indonesian studies, the converging evidence underscores the need for comprehensive policy interventions. These include front-of-package warning labels, restrictions on marketing to children, fiscal policies targeting unhealthy products and promotion of healthier, culturally appropriate dietary practices. Strengthening longitudinal research and standardized UPF classification will further support evidence-based policy decisions. Overall, the findings affirm that rising ultra-processed food consumption is an important driver of Indonesia’s obesity epidemic
Copyright (c) 2025 Rosmauli Jerimia Fitriani (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Impact of Skipping Breakfast on the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome: A Review of the Latest Literature
This review synthesizes recent evidence on the relationship between skipping breakfast and the risk of metabolic syndrome by integrating epidemiological findings, mechanistic pathways and behavioral determinants. A systematic literature review of studies published between 2014 and 2024 identified consistent associations between habitual breakfast omission and higher prevalence of central obesity, impaired glucose regulation, dyslipidemia and hypertension. Prospective cohort studies indicate that breakfast skipping and delayed first meals predict increased risk of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes, even when adjusting for lifestyle confounders. Mechanistic studies highlight physiological pathways involving impaired insulin sensitivity, altered hormone secretion, circadian disruption and compensatory dietary behavior, which collectively contribute to metabolic dysregulation. However, heterogeneity across study designs, breakfast definitions and diagnostic criteria limits causal inference and underscores the need for more standardized methodologies. Public health implications include promoting regular and nutritionally balanced morning meals, addressing structural barriers to breakfast consumption and integrating meal timing into metabolic risk assessments. Future research should incorporate chronobiological measures, culturally specific analyses and objective biomarkers to clarify causal relationships more effectively. Overall, the current evidence supports the role of breakfast behavior as a meaningful factor influencing metabolic health
Copyright (c) 2025 Bdn. Dewi Andariya Ningsih (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Evaluation of MBG Implementation in Correctional Institutions: Nutritional Status and Consumer Satisfaction Study
This study evaluates the implementation of Indonesia’s Makan Bergizi Gratis programme delivered through correctional kitchens, focusing on nutritional outcomes, consumer satisfaction and the governance environment shaping programme performance. A convergent mixed-methods design was used to assess anthropometric indicators, haemoglobin levels and structured satisfaction responses among school beneficiaries, complemented by qualitative inquiry with correctional kitchen staff and production supervisors. The findings show that while caloric adequacy is generally achieved, the meals remain low in micronutrient density, leading to persistent risks of iron deficiency and limited improvements in height-for-age indicators. Beneficiary satisfaction results highlight concerns regarding taste, menu monotony, hygiene, temperature consistency and cultural alignment, which collectively reduce meal acceptance and contribute to plate waste. Governance analysis reveals systemic constraints including rigid procurement rules, insufficient cross-sector coordination, weak monitoring mechanisms and limited training for inmate food handlers and correctional personnel. These structural factors shape the quality, safety and acceptability of meals produced in correctional kitchens and limit their compliance with national nutrition standards. The study concludes that while correctional kitchens can support MBG delivery, significant institutional strengthening is required through improved procurement flexibility, facility upgrades, clearer regulatory alignment and stronger human resource capacity. Enhancing these governance dimensions is essential to ensure nutritionally adequate, safe and socially acceptable MBG service delivery for schoolchildren
Copyright (c) 2025 Kori Puspita Ningsih (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Use of Social Media as a Digital Nutrition Education Tool: Interactive Strategies for Teenagers
The increasing use of digital technology among adolescents has encouraged the development of social media as an alternative medium for nutrition education. Adolescents, as active users of digital platforms, interact intensively in virtual spaces, making social media a potential channel for delivering health information in an engaging, accessible, and adaptable format. This study analyzes the role of social media as a digital tool for nutrition education and explores effective interactive strategies to improve adolescents’ knowledge, attitudes, and healthy eating behaviors. A literature review of recent studies from various scientific databases shows that platforms such as Instagram, TikTok, YouTube, and WhatsApp serve as attractive educational media due to their visual features, ease of access, and support for two-way communication. Several effective interactive strategies were identified, including multimedia-based content, gamification, microlearning, live discussions, and the use of health influencers. The findings indicate that social-media-based interventions can enhance engagement, broaden information reach, and promote positive behavior change when designed with a participatory, culturally relevant, and consistent approach. This study underscores the importance of integrating digital technology into adolescent health promotion programs and offers recommendations on interactive strategy models that can be implemented by health practitioners, educators, and policymakers. Overall, these insights contribute to the development of adaptive nutrition education practices aligned with adolescents’ characteristics in the digital era.
Copyright (c) 2025 I Nyoman Adiyasa (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Effectiveness of Nutrition Education on Improving Knowledge and Practices of Complementary Feeding Among Young Mothers
Nutrition education plays a crucial role in improving complementary feeding knowledge and practices among young mothers, a demographic particularly vulnerable due to limited experience, exposure to misinformation, and reduced household decision-making power. Through a Systematic Literature Review of 78 studies, this article examines the effectiveness of diverse educational interventions, including face-to-face counseling, cooking demonstrations, community-based learning, and digital or mHealth platforms. Findings demonstrate that nutrition education significantly enhances maternal knowledge regarding dietary diversity, feeding frequency, food safety, and texture progression. Furthermore, education leads to substantial improvements in feeding behaviors such as Minimum Dietary Diversity (MDD), Minimum Meal Frequency (MMF), and responsive feeding practices. However, its impact is highly dependent on contextual factors including family influence, socioeconomic constraints, cultural norms, and health system capacity. The study concludes that sustainable behavior change requires multilevel strategies that integrate education with family engagement, community support, and strengthened health systems.
Copyright (c) 2025 Titi Purwitasari Handayan, Erny Elviany Sabaruddin (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Nutrition Intervention in the First 1,000 Days of Life: Effectiveness and Challenges in Indonesia
Nutritional intervention in the first 1,000 days of life (HPK) is an important strategy to prevent stunting and improve the quality of child growth. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of nutrition intervention programs in Indonesia and identify challenges in their implementation. The method used was a qualitative study with a case study approach, involving 30 informants consisting of health workers, program managers, and mothers of toddlers from urban, rural, and 3T (Frontier, Outermost, Disadvantaged) areas. Data was collected through in-depth interviews and analysis of official documents, then analyzed thematically to identify the success factors and constraints of the program. The results showed that local food-based complementary feeding of BREAST MILK (MP-ASI), micronutrient supplementation, and nutrition education contributed significantly to improving children's nutritional status, with maternal adherence highest in urban areas (78%) and lowest in 3T areas (48%). The effectiveness of the intervention was influenced by access to nutritious food, the availability of health workers, the frequency of education, and community participation. This research emphasizes the need for multi-sectoral strategies involving governments, communities, and non-governmental institutions to improve the coverage and quality of nutrition programs, particularly in areas with limited access. The integration of education, food distribution, and community involvement is the key to the success of the intervention in 1,000 HPK.
Copyright (c) 2025 Marvina Anan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Application of the DASH Diet Diet to Blood Sugar Control and Diabetes Complications
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the global health problems with increasing prevalence and complications. Dietary interventions are one of the important pillars in diabetes management, where the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet is beginning to be recognized as a potential strategy. This quasi-experimental study with a pre-test and post-test control group design aims to evaluate the effect of the application of DASH modified according to local food on glycemic control and risk markers of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Indonesia. A total of 80 participants were divided into intervention and control groups. The intervention group followed the DASH program for 12 weeks with menu arrangements according to local food availability. Variables measured included fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, blood pressure, lipid profile, and glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). The results showed significant improvement in the intervention group, with a decrease in fasting blood glucose (−27 mg/dL), HbA1c (−1.3%), systolic blood pressure (−11.6 mmHg), LDL cholesterol, and an increase in HDL cholesterol and eGFR (p < 0.05). These findings confirm that DASH is not only effective as a hypertension control strategy, but also as a nutritional intervention to improve glycemic control and lower the risk of diabetes complications. Although the results are promising, further research with randomized clinical trial designs, larger sample counts, and longer durations is still needed to strengthen the evidence base.
Copyright (c) 2025 Aulia Nur Azizah (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Effect of Local Complementary Feeding Based on Functional Foods on Improving the Nutritional Status of Stunted Children
Stunting is a serious public health problem in Indonesia, affecting children's growth and development, especially in the first 1000 days of life. Adequate complementary feeding of breastfeeding is very important to improve the nutritional status of children who are stunted. This study aims to evaluate the effect of MP-ASI administration based on local functional foods on the nutritional status of stunted children. This research was conducted with a quasi-experimental design in rural and urban areas with a high prevalence of stunting. A total of 120 stunted children aged 6–24 months were randomly divided into two groups, namely the intervention group given MP-ASI based on local functional foods (tempeh, moringa leaves, and mung beans), and the control group given standard MP-ASI. Nutritional status was measured using Z-scores for weight by age (BB/U), height by age (TB/U), and body weight by height (BB/TB) before, after 1 month, and after 3 months of intervention. The results showed that the intervention group experienced significant improvements in nutritional status, with a greater increase in BB/U Z-score compared to the control group. The intervention group showed an average improvement in Z-score from -2.1 to -1.1 after 3 months, while the control group showed only a small improvement from -2.0 to -1.8. These findings show the effectiveness of MP-ASI based on local functional foods in improving the nutritional status of stunted children. In conclusion, this study shows that the provision of MP-ASI based on local functional foods can significantly improve the nutritional status of stunted children. This approach can be an effective strategy to address stunting, especially in resource-constrained areas, and provide valuable insights for the development of nutrition interventions in similar contexts
Copyright (c) 2025 Nur Wahyuni (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Effectiveness of Integrated Nutrition Intervention Programs in Stunting Prevention in the First 1000 Days of Life
Stunting is one of the main nutritional problems that affect the physical and cognitive development of children under the age of two, especially in the First 1,000 Days of Life (HPK) period. The Integrated Nutrition Intervention Program, which combines specific interventions such as nutritional supplementation with sensitive interventions such as improved sanitation and access to clean water, has been shown to be effective in reducing the prevalence of stunting. This study aims to measure the effectiveness of the Integrated Nutrition Intervention Program in the prevention of stunting in children aged 0–24 months in Indonesia, with a focus on strengthening the role of agents of change at the community level. The method used in this study is a quantitative approach with experimental design, where data is collected through surveys and interviews with mothers in the areas that have implemented the program. The results of the study showed that this program succeeded in reducing the prevalence of stunting by 8.1% in Trenggalek Regency and 1.5% in Bima City after the implementation of integrated nutrition interventions. These findings show that community engagement, empowerment of health cadres, and cross-sectoral integration are key factors in the success of the program. This study provides recommendations to expand the implementation of integrated nutrition intervention programs nationally, as well as strengthen the role of communities in maintaining the sustainability of programs to achieve national and global targets in stunting reduction by 2025
Integrated Nutrition Intervention Program
Copyright (c) 2025 Amalia Tasya (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Potential of Local Food as a Solution to National Nutrition Security in the Midst of the Threat of a Global Food Crisis
Literature Study on the Impact of Micronutrient Deficiencies on Early Childhood Development
Early childhood is a golden period in human life that greatly determines the quality of long-term growth and development. One important factor that supports the optimization of this phase is the fulfillment of micronutrient needs such as iron, iodine, zinc, and vitamin A. This study aims to examine in depth the impact of micronutrient deficiencies on early childhood development through a literature study method with a qualitative approach. The results of the literature search indicate that micronutrient deficiencies have a serious impact on cognitive development, physical growth, social-emotional abilities, and children's immune systems. Iron deficiency anemia, iodine deficiency, zinc deficiency, and lack of vitamin A have been shown to contribute to decreased IQ, motor delays, and increased risk of infectious diseases and child mortality. These findings emphasize that the problem of micronutrient deficiencies is a multidimensional issue that requires cross-sector interventions based on scientific evidence. These interventions include family education, fortification programs, and community empowerment in providing nutritious food. Thus, the fulfillment of micronutrients from an early age is a strategic step in developing superior, healthy, and productive human resources in the future
Copyright (c) 2025 Firayani Firayani (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Literature Review: The Role of Balanced Nutrition in Improving Body Immunity During the Pandemic
The COVID-19 pandemic has raised global awareness of the importance of a strong immune system as the body's primary defense against infection. One of the key factors that influences immunity is a balanced nutritious diet. This study uses a qualitative approach with a literature study method to analyze the role of balanced nutrition in improving immunity during the pandemic. The results of the study show that macronutrients such as protein and micronutrients such as vitamins A, C, D, E, and minerals such as zinc and selenium have a significant contribution to supporting the immune system. Deficiency of any one of these nutrients has been shown to weaken the immune response and increase the risk of infection. On the other hand, many people still do not understand the principles of balanced nutrition as a whole, resulting in erroneous consumption practices, such as relying on supplements without paying attention to holistic diets. In addition, disinformation during the pandemic has exacerbated the gap in public nutritional knowledge. Therefore, education based on scientific evidence is very important to build a correct understanding of the role of nutrition in maintaining immunity. The results of this study are expected to be a reference in formulating strategies to improve public health through a sustainable nutritional approach
Socio-Cultural Factors in Family Food Selection in Indonesia: A Literature Review
This study is a qualitative review based on literature studies on strategies for overcoming malnutrition in children under five in rural areas. Through data collection from journals, reports, and policy documents published in 2020–2025, a thematic analysis was conducted to identify root causes, good practices, and intervention gaps. The findings show that malnutrition in children under five in rural areas is triggered by poverty and low family food security, minimal nutritional literacy among parents, and limited infrastructure and primary health services. Effective strategies revealed include community-based nutrition education, utilization of local foods, cross-sector interventions, and culturally sensitive communication utilizing local figures and local media. The involvement of health cadres, community leaders, and family economic empowerment has been shown to increase program sustainability. This study recommends a holistic policy that integrates education, economic empowerment, strengthening health services, and local cultural adaptation to reduce the prevalence of malnutrition in children under five in villages. The main contribution of this study is the development of a strategic framework based on evidence and local context that can be used as a reference for policy makers and public health practitioners.
Copyright (c) 2025 Tasya Tasya (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Strategies for Addressing Malnutrition in Toddlers in Rural Areas: A Qualitative Study Review
The problem of malnutrition in children under five in rural areas remains a complex public health challenge, influenced by low nutritional literacy, limited health infrastructure, family economic conditions, and suboptimal government intervention. This study used a qualitative literature review method, with purposive sampling of national journal articles and health institution reports over the past five years. Content analysis was conducted to identify strategies for nutrition education, utilization of local foods, community-based approaches, and multi-sector synergy. The results of the study indicate that nutrition education for mothers of toddlers plays a key role in improving understanding and practice of breastfeeding and complementary feeding. In addition, strengthening integrated health posts, empowering family economies, and utilizing local foods such as sweet potatoes and moringa leaves increase nutritional resilience. Participatory intervention strategies—involving cadres, local figures, and ongoing monitoring mechanisms—show higher effectiveness than top-down models. Cross-sector collaboration strengthens program implementation and ensures sustainability. Overall, the best strategies to overcome malnutrition are holistic, contextual, and sustainable. This study recommends strengthening community-based approaches, routine monitoring at the village level, and policies that support integration between nutrition education, local foods, and family economic empowerment.
The Role of Nutrition Education in Increasing Public Awareness of Healthy Lifestyles: A Literature Study
The increase in cases of non-communicable diseases such as obesity, hypertension, and diabetes shows the need for an education-based preventive approach, especially through nutrition education. This study aims to examine the role of nutrition education in increasing public awareness of healthy lifestyles through a qualitative approach with a literature study method. Data sources were obtained from 20 national and international scientific journals and publications over the past five years. The results of the study show that nutrition education has a significant impact on increasing public knowledge and attitudes towards the importance of consuming healthy foods. Interventions carried out through schools, social media, health services, and educational curricula have been shown to be able to shape better eating awareness and behavior. However, the effectiveness of nutrition education is greatly influenced by the delivery method, program consistency, and active community and cross-sector involvement. Challenges such as low nutritional literacy, limited experts, and the spread of misinformation in digital media are still major obstacles. Therefore, a contextual, participatory, and sustainable education strategy is needed so that nutrition education is not only an information tool, but also a means of social transformation to create a healthier society. These findings are expected to be the basis for formulating nutrition policies and intervention programs in the future.
Copyright (c) 2025 Anggia Faradin (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Balanced Food Consumption Patterns in Elementary School Children: A Literature Review
Balanced food consumption patterns are one of the important factors in supporting the growth and development of elementary school children. However, various studies show that school-age children still face challenges in implementing healthy eating patterns, which are influenced by low nutritional awareness, limited access to nutritious food, and the influence of the school and social environment. This study uses a qualitative approach with a literature study method that aims to examine various scientific findings related to factors that influence elementary school children's food consumption and effective intervention strategies. Data sources were collected from relevant national and international scientific journals in the last five to ten years. The results of the study show that low nutritional education in schools and families, as well as the dominance of unhealthy foods in school canteens, are the main causes of unbalanced consumption patterns. Educational and collaborative strategies are needed that involve the roles of schools, parents, government, and the community to shape children's healthy eating behavior in a sustainable manner. This study is expected to be a conceptual reference for designing nutrition education programs and healthy food policies in elementary education environments.
The Role of Balanced Nutrition in Improving the Immune System: A Literature Study
Amidst the flow of globalization, modern lifestyles characterized by high mobility, instant diets, and chronic stress exposure have had a significant impact on the decline in the quality of community immunity. This study aims to critically examine the relationship between balanced nutrition and the immune system through a qualitative literature study approach. Analysis was conducted on 40 primary scientific sources from accredited national and international journals, as well as policy documents and reports from global institutions such as WHO and FAO in the period 2015–2025. The results of the study indicate that adequate intake of macro and micro nutrients, especially vitamins D, C, A, E, zinc, and selenium, plays an important role in maintaining the integrity and responsiveness of the body's immune system. The findings also show that deficiencies of essential nutrients contribute to decreased vaccine effectiveness, increased risk of respiratory tract infections, and weakened resistance to non-communicable diseases. However, the gap between knowledge and practice of nutritious food consumption is still high, especially in the lower middle economic group. Therefore, balanced nutrition is not only an individual health issue, but also a structural problem that requires cross-sectoral solutions. This study recommends the integration of nutritional policies based on scientific evidence, as well as public education based on cultural contexts to strengthen the community's immune system in a sustainable manner
Copyright (c) 2024 Firayani Firayani (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Effect of Fast Food Consumption on Adolescent Health: A Literature Review
The shift in adolescent consumption patterns towards fast food dominance has become a complex global issue, especially in developing countries like Indonesia. Fast food is now not only a practical choice, but also a symbol of modernity and lifestyle that is massively promoted by digital media. This study aims to examine the impact of fast food consumption on adolescent physical and psychosocial health through a qualitative approach with a literature study method. Data were collected from various accredited scientific sources, including international journals, health organization reports, and relevant national survey results, with a publication period of the last five years (2019–2024). The findings show that excessive consumption of fast food is strongly correlated with an increase in the prevalence of obesity, metabolic syndrome, and psychological disorders such as negative body image and stress. Low nutritional literacy, minimal formal education, and the dominance of unhealthy food promotions on social media exacerbate adolescent vulnerability to the long-term impacts of such consumption. Therefore, multidimensional interventions are needed that not only target individual consumption behavior but also reform information systems, educational curricula, and regulations on fast food marketing to adolescents. This study emphasizes the importance of scientific literature as a basis for evidence-based adolescent health policies.
The Influence of Balanced Diet on Adolescent Nutritional Status
This study aims to analyze the effect of a balanced diet on the nutritional status of adolescents through a qualitative approach with a literature study method. Adolescents are an age group that is vulnerable to nutritional disorders due to biological, psychological, and social changes that affect their eating habits. The results of the study show that a diet that includes balanced nutrition has a direct impact on nutritional status indicators such as Body Mass Index (BMI), hemoglobin levels, and the risk of obesity or anemia. Low nutritional knowledge and environmental influences such as family economy, culture, and school canteens also influence food choices. Nutrition education that is carried out continuously, both through social media and school curriculum, has been shown to increase awareness and behavior of healthy food consumption in adolescents. Thus, the implementation of adolescent nutrition intervention programs must consider a holistic approach that involves family, school, and community. The results of this study are expected to be a reference for formulating strategies to improve adolescent nutrition preventively and sustainably.
Copyright (c) 2024 Anggia Faradina (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Analysis of Fast Food Consumption on the Risk of Obesity in School Children
This study aims to analyze the effect of fast food consumption on the risk of obesity in school children using a qualitative approach through literature studies. Data were obtained from various scientific publications, reports from international health organizations, and relevant national journals in the last five years. The results of the analysis show that the frequency of fast food consumption is closely correlated with an increase in body mass index (BMI) and the prevalence of obesity in children. Factors such as exposure to advertising, school environments close to fast food outlets, and family habits play a major role in shaping these consumption patterns. In addition, low physical activity worsens children's nutritional conditions. Effective prevention strategies include interventions in schools through nutrition education and the arrangement of healthy canteens, restrictions on unhealthy food advertisements to children, and city spatial arrangements that limit the presence of fast food outlets around schools. In conclusion, obesity in children due to fast food consumption is a complex problem that requires a cross-sectoral and collaborative approach to create changes in healthier consumption behavior among school children.
The Effect of Balanced Diet on Adolescent Health: A Literature Study
A balanced diet plays an important role in supporting adolescent health and development. Adolescence is characterized by rapid physical growth and complex psychological and social changes, so that nutritional needs are higher than in childhood. This literature study aims to comprehensively examine the effect of a balanced diet on the physical, mental, and social health of adolescents based on the latest scientific findings. This study uses a qualitative method with a literature study approach to scientific articles published in the last five years. The results of the study indicate that a balanced diet that includes the right intake of macronutrients and micronutrients contributes to optimal growth, endurance, cognitive function, and emotional stability. Conversely, an unbalanced diet is closely related to various health problems such as obesity, anemia, mental disorders, and decreased academic achievement. These findings indicate that integrated educational interventions and nutrition policies are urgently needed among adolescents to support the creation of a holistically healthy generation.
Fermented Foods as a Modern Nutrition Trend: Health Benefits and Implications for a Healthy Diet
In the last decade, fermented foods have become an important part of modern nutrition trends that emphasize gut health, immune system, and mental balance. Increasing public awareness of healthy lifestyles, coupled with strong media narratives, have driven the popularity of products such as kimchi, kefir, and miso. Fermentation not only increases nutritional value, but also produces probiotics that play a role in maintaining gut microbiota. Research has shown a significant association between fermented food consumption and a reduced risk of chronic diseases, digestive disorders, and mild mental disorders through the gut-brain axis mechanism. However, these benefits are highly dependent on the type and viability of the microorganisms contained, as well as the consistency of consumption. The lack of adequate regulation and education makes consumers vulnerable to commercial claims that are not based on scientific evidence. This study uses a qualitative approach through a literature review to synthesize empirical findings on the benefits and challenges of implementing fermented foods in a healthy diet. The results demonstrate the need for an evidence-based nutrition approach, accompanied by public policies that support the integration of fermented foods in a contextual and sustainable manner. Collaboration between researchers, governments, and communities is needed so that the potential of fermented foods can be optimized in supporting public health and sustainable food systems
Copyright (c) 2025 Loso Judijanto, Amalia Tasya, Firayani Firayani (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Correlation of Animal and Vegetable Protein Intake with the Risk of Stunting at an Early Age
Stunting is a chronic nutritional problem that has a long-term impact on the quality of human resources. Although the prevalence of stunting in Indonesia shows a downward trend, the figure still exceeds the WHO threshold. One important determinant of stunting is the adequacy and quality of protein intake in early childhood. This study aims to explore parents' understanding of animal and vegetable protein consumption and its relationship to the risk of stunting. A qualitative approach with a phenomenological method was used to capture the subjective experiences of parents with children aged 0–5 years in areas at high risk of stunting. Data were collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews and analyzed using the Colaizzi thematic technique. The results showed that parents' understanding of the importance of protein quality, especially from animal sources, is still low. Economic factors, cultural perceptions, and low nutritional literacy are the main obstacles in providing balanced nutritious food for children. Vegetable protein tends to be the main choice because it is more affordable, although biologically less optimal. This study emphasizes the need for contextual and community-based nutritional interventions, as well as multi-sector policy support to improve community access and understanding of the importance of a combination of animal and vegetable protein in preventing stuntings
Copyright (c) 2025 Amalia Tasya, Firayani Firayani, Brivian Florentis Yustanta (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Digital Nutrition Revolution: The Role of Mobile Apps in Improving Healthy Diet Compliance
The level of compliance with healthy eating patterns in Indonesia is still low even though various campaigns have been carried out, such as the Healthy Living Community Movement (GERMAS). Low nutritional literacy, lack of motivation, and social and cultural influences are the main factors that hinder changes in people's consumption behavior. In this context, mobile applications emerge as a potential solution with interactive features such as food tracking, notifications, and visual education that are personalized and easily accessible. Previous studies have shown that approaches based on behavior change theories, such as Self-Determination Theory and Theory of Planned Behavior, increase the effectiveness of digital interventions in forming healthy eating habits. This study uses a literature review method with a qualitative approach to examine the effectiveness of mobile applications in increasing compliance with healthy eating patterns. Data sources were obtained from national and international journals in the last ten years (2015–2025), which were analyzed using thematic analysis techniques. The results of the study show that the success of the application depends not only on technological features, but also on user-need-based interface design, integration of behavioral theories, and social and professional support. Therefore, digital nutrition applications need to be developed in a multidisciplinary manner to create an inclusive and sustainable impact in community nutrition interventions
Copyright (c) 2025 Andi Maryam, Andi Elis, Siti Jumhati (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Evaluation of the Supplementary Feeding Program (PMT) to reduce stunting rates in toddlers
Stunting is a serious health problem that is still high in Indonesia, with a prevalence reaching 27.6% in 2021. This condition is caused by chronic malnutrition and repeated infections that affect children's physical, cognitive, and motor growth. The Supplementary Feeding Program (PMT) has been implemented as one of the interventions to improve the nutritional status of toddlers and reduce stunting rates. Studies show that PMT based on fortification and local food can significantly increase children's weight and height. However, the effectiveness of this program still faces various challenges, including limited resources, coordination between stakeholders, and social and cultural factors that influence the acceptance of the program in the community. This study uses a qualitative approach with a case study method to evaluate the effectiveness of PMT in reducing stunting rates. The results show that the success of the program is highly dependent on nutrition education, the quality of additional food, and the involvement of health workers and the community. To increase the effectiveness of PMT, budget optimization, health worker training, and adaptive strategies based on local needs are needed. With a more comprehensive approach, this program is expected to run more optimally, reduce stunting rates, and improve the quality of life of children in Indonesia in a sustainable manner
Copyright (c) 2025 Gusman Gusman, Amalia Tasya, Khusnul Khotimah Arum Nurcahyanti, Gusti Ayu Tirtawati (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Role of Plant-Based Diets in Preventing Chronic Diseases: Current Trends and Evidence
Chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, heart disease and cancer are major challenges in global public health. Unhealthy diets, such as the consumption of foods high in saturated fat and low in fiber, contribute to the increasing prevalence of these diseases. Research shows that plant-based diets have significant potential in the prevention of these chronic diseases, thanks to their high fiber, antioxidant and phytonutrient content and low saturated fat. In addition to the health benefits, plant-based diets also support environmental sustainability by reducing greenhouse gas emissions, land use and natural resources compared to animal-based food production. While the adoption of plant-based diets is gaining popularity, challenges such as nutritional misconceptions, limited access to plant-based foods and cultural barriers need to be overcome. Stronger education and supportive public policies, such as subsidizing plant-based products and taxing animal products, are essential to expand their impact. Plant-based diets are not only a personal health solution, but also part of a global strategy to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), by reducing negative environmental impacts and increasing food security. This study aims to comprehensively explore the dynamics of adoption of plant-based diets as a chronic disease prevention strategy and its impact on health and the environment
Copyright (c) 2024 Elizawarda Elizawarda (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Getting to Know Fermented Foods: Benefits and Effects on Digestive Health
Fermented foods, which have become an integral part of culinary traditions around the world, are gaining increasing attention as foods that support digestive health. In Indonesia, tempeh and tape are widely recognized examples of fermented foods, while in other countries there is kimchi and sauerkraut. This phenomenon is driven by a growing awareness of the importance of a healthy gut microbiota, which contributes to nutrient absorption, immune system strengthening and reduced risk of digestive disorders. This study used a descriptive qualitative approach to explore the benefits and influence of fermented foods on digestive health, involving 20 subjects from various backgrounds, including producers, consumers, nutritionists and cultural observers. The results showed that fermented foods such as yogurt, kefir and kombucha are rich in probiotics that benefit the balance of gut microbiota. In addition, fermented foods also play an important role in cultural preservation and adaptation to the modern food industry. In the context of globalization, fermented foods are not only part of a healthy diet, but also a worldwide symbol of cultural identity. This research is expected to provide deeper insights into the contribution of fermented foods to digestive health and a healthy lifestyle
Copyright (c) 2024 Lovi Sandra (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Role of Digital Technology in Improving Nutrition Education for Millennials and Generation Z
Digital technology has brought about a revolution in personalized nutrition for Millennials and Z generations, who increasingly rely on artificial intelligence (AI)-based apps for dietary recommendations tailored to individual needs. These apps analyze personal data such as weight, height, physical activity and food preferences to provide more relevant advice. Devices such as smartwatches also help track diet and healthy living habits. However, challenges related to data privacy and security are still major issues that require strict regulation. On the other hand, digital technology is also expanding access to nutrition education through more interactive e-learning platforms, webinars and digital modules, enabling more enjoyable and effective learning. In addition, online communities that support healthy lifestyles are growing in popularity, providing motivation and useful information. Gamification approaches in nutrition education also help encourage active participation with diet challenges and virtual rewards. However, the digital divide in remote areas remains a major obstacle in ensuring equitable access. This research aims to explore the role of digital technology in improving nutrition awareness among the younger generation, using a qualitative approach through phenomenological and case study studies. The findings are expected to provide insights into the potential and challenges of using technology in nutrition education as well as recommendations for more inclusive and safe development
Copyright (c) 2024 Andi nursiah (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Global Food Crisis and its Impact on Nutritional Adequacy in Developing Countries
The global food crisis afflicting developing countries is further exacerbated by dependence on food imports, which makes these countries highly vulnerable to fluctuations in international food prices. This dependence limits the access of people, especially the poor, to nutritious food and hinders the development of local food production. Disparities in food distribution and climate change affecting agricultural yields also exacerbate food security problems. Malnutrition, especially among children and pregnant women, is widespread, threatening the quality of future generations. This study uses a qualitative approach with in-depth interviews and focus group discussions (FGDs) to explore the impact of the food crisis on nutritional adequacy in developing countries. The findings show that solutions that can reduce dependence on food imports include policies that support the diversification of local food production, strengthening the agricultural sector, and implementing agricultural technology adaptive to climate change. In addition, access to nutritious food and appropriate interventions for vulnerable groups are needed to address malnutrition. This research emphasizes the importance of equitable food distribution policies and adequate infrastructure to improve food security and the quality of life of people in developing countries
Copyright (c) 2024 Mitra Mustika lubbis (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Nutrition Education for Adolescents: Building Healthy Eating Habits at Growing Age
This study explores the effectiveness of nutrition education in building healthy eating habits among adolescents, which is a crucial age for growth and development. Although adolescents have basic knowledge about the importance of nutrition, such as the benefits of vitamins and minerals, the information they receive is often not in-depth or practical enough to be applied in daily habits. This study identifies that current nutrition education programs are often less interactive and not always relevant to the context of adolescent life. Through qualitative methods, this study reveals the challenges faced by adolescents in implementing healthy eating habits, such as peer influence and limited access to healthy food. The findings suggest that a more holistic approach is needed to address these barriers. Strategies that involve more practical and participatory educational methods, as well as support from families and communities, have proven effective in increasing understanding and application of nutrition principles. The results of the study explain that educational programs involving practical activities, educational games, and family and community participation can help adolescents make healthy food decisions and support their growth and overall health.
Copyright (c) 2024 Fuad Ajrul Mukhdi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0