The Readiness of the National Health System in Facing a Global Health Crisis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62872/a9cy2248Keywords:
digital health transformation, global crisis, health preparedness, national health systemAbstract
National health system preparedness is a critical determinant of a country’s ability to respond to increasingly frequent global health crises. This study analyzes Indonesia’s readiness through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) using PRISMA 2020 guidelines. A total of 67 articles from 742 identified publications were reviewed to assess technical capacity, governance, financing, workforce readiness, and digital health integration. Findings indicate that Indonesia has made progress in laboratory expansion, digital health initiatives, and intersectoral coordination. However, structural challenges remain, including unequal distribution of health facilities, limited workforce density, fragmented information systems, and insufficient health financing. The study highlights that preparedness must be multidimensional by strengthening real-time surveillance, integrated digital systems, sustainable financing, and responsive cross-sector governance. The results provide evidence-based insights to support long-term strategies for building a more resilient national health system capable of confronting future global crises
Downloads
References
Craig, A. T., Japri, A. P., & Heryanto, B. (2025). Use of community-based surveillance to enhance emerging infectious disease intelligence generation in Indonesia. Journal of Global Health, 15, 04118.
Dato, V., Wagner, M. M., & Fapohunda, A. (2004). How outbreaks of infectious disease are detected: a review of surveillance systems and outbreaks. Public Health Reports, 119(5), 464-471.
Gadsden, T., Ford, B., Angell, B., Sumarac, B., de Oliveira Cruz, V., Wang, H., ... & Jan, S. (2022). Health financing policy responses to the COVID-19 pandemic: a review of the first stages in the WHO South-East Asia Region. Health policy and planning, 37(10), 1317-1327..
GHS Index. (2021). Global Health Security Index 2021. Nuclear Threat Initiative and Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security.
Greer, S. L., King, E. J., Massard da Fonseca, E., & Peralta-Santos, A. (2021). The comparative politics of COVID-19. European Journal of Public Health, 31(Supplement_4), iv3–iv6. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckab153
Haldane, V., De Foo, C., Abdalla, S. M., Jung, A. S., Tan, M., Wu, S., ... & Legido-Quigley, H. (2021). Health systems resilience in managing the COVID-19 pandemic: lessons from 28 countries. Nature medicine, 27(6), 964-980.
Kandel, N., Chungong, S., Omaar, A., & Xing, J. (2020). Health security capacities in the context of COVID-19 outbreak. BMJ Global Health, 5(3), e002298. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002298
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2023). Profil Kesehatan Indonesia 2023. Kemenkes RI.
Lakoff, A. (2021). Preparedness indicators: measuring the condition of Global Health security. Sociologica, 15(3), 25-43.
Mays, N., Pope, C., & Popay, J. (2020). Systematically reviewing qualitative and quantitative evidence to inform management and policy making in the health field. Journal of Health Services Research & Policy, 15(1), S1–S7.
OECD. (2022). Health at a Glance: Asia and Pacific 2022. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
Oppenheim, B., Gallivan, M., Madhav, N. K., Brown, N., Serhiyenko, V., Wolfe, N. D., & Ayscue, P. (2019). Assessing global preparedness for the next pandemic: development and application of an Epidemic Preparedness Index. BMJ global health, 4(1).
Page, M. J., et al. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ, 372, n71. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71
Phua, J., Weng, L., Ling, L., Egi, M., Lim, W., Divatia, J., ... & Cook, D. (2022). Intensive care management and preparedness in Asia during COVID-19. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 10(4), 397–406.
UNICEF. (2021). Indonesia Health Systems Strengthening for Pandemic Preparedness. UNICEF Indonesia.
WHO. (2021). International Health Regulations (2005) Monitoring and Evaluation Framework. World Health Organization.
WHO. (2022). World Health Report on Global Preparedness and Response. World Health Organization.
World Bank. (2021). Indonesia Public Expenditure Review: Health Sector. World Bank Publications.
World Bank. (2022). The Global State of Health Systems: Post-COVID Challenges and Investment Needs. World Bank Publications.
You, J. (2020). Lessons from South Korea’s Covid-19 policy response. The American Review of Public Administration, 50(6-7), 801-808.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Seno Lamsir (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
