Clinical Approach to Jaundice Patients
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62872/kv668m93Keywords:
Clinical Approach, Jaundice Patients, Therapeutic ImplicationsAbstract
This article aims to provide a comprehensive clinical approach to the evaluation and management of patients with jaundice, emphasizing differential diagnosis, diagnostic algorithms, and therapeutic implications through a case-based discussion. This descriptive-analytical study utilizes a case-based approach for an adult patient with jaundice. Data were obtained from clinical examination, laboratory assessment of liver function, and abdominal imaging for structural evaluation. Jaundice, characterized by yellow discoloration of the skin and sclera due to hyperbilirubinemia, can be divided into pre-hepatic, intra-hepatic, and post-hepatic jaundice. A systematic clinical approach through history taking, physical examination, and evaluation of biochemical parameters such as AST, ALT, ALP, GGT, and bilirubin fractions is crucial in determining the etiology. The case presented suggests intrahepatic cholestasis due to hepatitis, which was confirmed by laboratory and imaging studies. Early identification of the cause of jaundice is crucial for determining management and prognosis. This article emphasizes the importance of using clinical algorithms to differentiate between hepatic and obstructive causes to avoid unnecessary procedures and improve patient clinical outcomes.
Downloads
References
1. Abbas, M.W., Shamshad, T., Ashraf, M.A., & Javaid, R. (2016). Jaundice: a basic review. International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences , 4 (5), 1313–1319. https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20161196
2. Baral P.; Sapkota, B., R. . A. (2022). Cholestatic Hepatitis: Clinical Approach and Management Outcomes. Asian Journal of Medical Sciences , 13 (5), 63–68. https://doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v13i5.44329
3. Chalmers & Matull, R., J. (2014). Jaundice in Book Acute Med A Symptom-Based Approach . 259–267.
4. Chen Y.; Liu, J., W. . G. (2020). Diagnostic value of imaging modalities in hepatobiliary obstruction. Radiology International , 10 (2), 45–51.
5. Fargo Grogan, S. P., & Saguil, A., M. V. (2017). Evaluation of Jaundice in Adults. American Family Physician , 95(3) , 164–168.
6. Gofur, NRP, Gofur, ARP, Gofur, RNRP, Kahdina, M., & Putri, HM (2022). Jaundice Clinical Manifestation and Pathophysiology: A Review Article. Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research , 41 (4), 32938-32941.
7. Gondal & Aronsohn, A., B. (2016). A Systematic Approach to Patients with Jaundice. Seminars in Interventional Radiology , 33(4) , 253–258. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1592331
8. Habib F.; Khan, MI, MM . R. (2020). Biochemical differentiation of jaundice in clinical settings. Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis , 34 (1), e23012. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcla.23012
9. Lin J.; Huang, X., L. . S. (2022). Biochemical algorithmic approach in adult patients with jaundice. Clinical Gastroenterology Review , 18 (3), 120–128.
10. Patel Y.; Sohal, N., T.R. Z. (2023). Ultrasonography in the Evaluation of Obstructive Jaundice: A Clinical Perspective. Journal of Diagnostic Imaging , 9 (4), 88–94.
11. Pavlovic Markovic, A., Stojkovic Lalosevic, M., Mijac, DD, Milovanovic, T., Dragasevic, S., Sokic Milutinovic, A., & Krstic, MN (2022). Jaundice as a Diagnostic and Therapeutic Problem: A General Practitioner's Approach. Digestive diseases (Basel, Switzerland) , 40 (3), 362–369. https://doi.org/10.1159/000517301
12. Rahbar K.; Amini, A., M. . H. (2023). Integrating clinical algorithms in medical education: Effects on student diagnostic accuracy. Medical Education Today , 27 (2), 175–182.
13. Rahmani H.; Alam, K., R. . S. (2021). Therapeutic options in cholestatic hepatitis: Focus on supportive care. Journal of Hepatology and Liver Diseases , 16 (2), 44–50.
14. Riedl M.; Zimmer, T., M. . S. (2021). Development of a diagnostic algorithm for hyperbilirubinemia. European Journal of Internal Medicine , 91 , 65–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejim.2021.06.015
15. Roche, S. P., & Kobos, R. (2004). Jaundice in the adult patient. American family physician , 69 (2), 299–304.
16. Sulaiman , A. (2017). Clinical Approach to Jaundice Patients. In: Setiati S, editor. Textbook of Internal Medicine Volume II, 6th Edition. VI. Jakarta: Interna Publishing , 1937–42
17. Wang H.; Liu, L., Y. . T. (2023). Biochemical Markers in the Differential Diagnosis of Hepatic vs. Hepatic Obstructive Jaundice. Hepatology Research , 53 (1), 10–17. https://doi.org/10.1111/hepr.13781
18. Widodo, ST, & Kusbin, TBA (2023). Clinical Approach to Neonatal and Infant Jaundice. Mirror of the World of Medicine, 50(6), 332–338. https://doi.org/10.55175/cdk.v50i6.921
19. Zhou P.; Chen, S., M. . L. (2021). Differentiating intrahepatic vs extrahepatic jaundice: A case-based review. Chinese Medical Journal , 134 (15), 1872–1878.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Lidia Dewi, Boy Hutaperi (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
