Constitutional Protection of Citizens' Rights in The Era of Artificial Intelligence Governance
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62872/cejtx005Keywords:
Constitutional Rights, Artificial Intelligence Governance, Algorithmic Accountability, Due Process, Indonesian Constitutional LawAbstract
The rapid integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into public administration, law enforcement, and judicial decision-support systems has generated a new frontier of constitutional inquiry concerning the protection of citizens' fundamental rights. This article examines the extent to which existing constitutional frameworks, particularly Indonesia's 1945 Constitution (UUD 1945), remain adequate to safeguard rights such as privacy, due process, equality before the law, and freedom from arbitrary state action when governmental functions are increasingly delegated to algorithmic systems. Employing a normative-juridical method supported by comparative and conceptual approaches, the study analyzes constitutional doctrines, statutory instruments, and comparative regulatory models, including the European Union's Artificial Intelligence Act and General Data Protection Regulation. The findings indicate that although the Indonesian constitutional order recognizes broad human rights guarantees under Chapter XA of UUD 1945, it lacks explicit doctrinal tools to address algorithmic opacity, automated discrimination, and diminished accountability inherent in AI-mediated governance. The article argues for a reconceptualization of constitutional rights doctrine to encompass a right to explanation, algorithmic due process, and institutional oversight mechanisms capable of supervising AI deployment by state organs. It concludes that constitutional adaptation, rather than wholesale constitutional amendment, offers the most viable pathway toward reconciling technological governance with the protection of citizens' fundamental rights.
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