SDGs-Based Economic Performance Measurement in the Green Tourism Sector
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62872/pp6ejk82Keywords:
Economic Performance, Green Tourism, SDGS, Sustainability, Tourism PolicyAbstract
The growth of the tourism sector as an economic driver has increasingly been accompanied by environmental and social pressures, highlighting the need for sustainable green tourism approaches. However, sustainability claims in tourism are often not supported by structured economic performance evaluation frameworks aligned with sustainable development objectives. This study aims to analyze the economic performance of the green tourism sector using the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as an evaluative framework. The study adopts a qualitative descriptive–analytical approach by examining the alignment between SDG-based economic indicators, green tourism policies, and implementation practices. The analysis is conducted through mapping relevant SDG economic indicators, reviewing tourism policy documents and official reports, and identifying gaps between economic performance outcomes and sustainability principles. The findings indicate that the SDGs framework enables a more comprehensive evaluation of green tourism economic performance than conventional approaches, particularly in assessing the quality and sustainability of economic impacts. The study also reveals misalignments between economic growth orientation and the achievement of sustainability goals in green tourism practices. This study concludes that SDGs provide a critical analytical framework for evaluating and guiding green tourism development toward sustainable economic outcomes.
Downloads
References
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2021). Thematic analysis: A practical guide. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 18(3), 328–352.
Chango-Cañaveral, P., Quezada-Sarmiento, P., & Morales-Herrera, V. (2025). Analysis of Sustainable Development Goals (2016–2030) and Their Integration into Tourism Activities in Lago Agrio Canton, Sucumbíos Province: SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure) and SDG 15 (Life on Land). Sustainability. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17136023.
Chango-Cañaveral, P., Quezada-Sarmiento, P., & Morales-Herrera, V. (2025). Analysis of Sustainable Development Goals (2016–2030) and Their Integration into Tourism Activities in Lago Agrio Canton, Sucumbíos Province: SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure) and SDG 15 (Life on Land). Sustainability. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17136023.
Crovella, T., Bhuiyan, M., Pontrandolfo, A., & Lagioia, G. (2022). Implementing SDGs for Sustainable Tourism Development. New Trends in Sustainable Business and Consumption. https://doi.org/10.24818/basiq/2022/08/086.
De Oliveira, D., & Pitarch-Garrido, M. (2022). Measuring the sustainability of tourist destinations based on the SDGs: the case of Algarve in Portugal: tourism agenda-2030. Tourism Review. https://doi.org/10.1108/tr-05-2022-0233.
De Souza, W., Da Costa Matos, G., De Sá Medeiros, H., Da Veiga Dias, V., & Schuster, M. (2025). Scales and indicators of sustainable tourism in organizations: gaps, advances, and perspectives from a systematic review. Caderno Pedagógico. https://doi.org/10.54033/cadpedv22n9-415.
Díaz-Padilla, V., Travar, I., Acosta-Rubio, Z., & Parra-López, E. (2023). Tourism Competitiveness versus Sustainability: Impact on the World Economic Forum Model Using the Rasch Methodology. Sustainability. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151813700.
Gao, J., Shao, C., Chen, S., & Wei, Z. (2021). Evaluation of Sustainable Development of Tourism Cities Based on SDGs and Tourism Competitiveness Index: Analysis of 221 Prefecture-Level Cities in China. Sustainability. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132212338.
Glyptou, K. (2022). Operationalising Tourism Sustainability at the Destination Level: A Systems Thinking Approach Along the SDGs. Tourism Planning & Development, 21, 95 - 121. https://doi.org/10.1080/21568316.2022.2069150.
Gong, F., & Chen, H. (2023). Ways to bring private investment to the tourism industry for green growth. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 10, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-023-02186-9.
Huo, J., & Sun, M. (2025). A Quantitative Evaluation Framework for Scenic Area Development Planning from the Perspective of Sustainable Tourism. Highlights in Business, Economics and Management. https://doi.org/10.54097/tmre1087.
Iftikhar, H., Ullah, A., Qian, N., & Magdalena, R. (2024). Paving towards the sustainable development goals: Analyzing the nexus of financial technology, business-centric-tourism, and green growth.. Journal of environmental management, 371, 123153 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.123153.
Işık, C., Ongan, S., Islam, H., Amin, A., & Pinzón, S. (2025). ECON-ESG Factors for Managing Tourism: The Moderating Role of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for East Asia Pacific and South Asian Countries. Advances in Hospitality and Tourism Research (AHTR). https://doi.org/10.30519/ahtr.1554450.
Ivars-Baidal, J., Vera-Rebollo, J., Perles-Ribes, J., Femenia-Serra, F., & Celdrán-Bernabeu, M. (2021). Sustainable tourism indicators: what’s new within the smart city/destination approach?. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 31, 1556 - 1582. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2021.1876075.
Laksmi, P., & Saputra, K. (2025). Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), Tourism, and Sustainability in Bali. Journal of Tourism Economics and Policy. https://doi.org/10.38142/jtep.v5i3.1514.
Liu, S., Islam, H., Ghosh, T., Ali, M., & Afrin, K. (2025). Exploring the nexus between economic growth and tourism demand: the role of sustainable development goals. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 12. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-025-04733-y.
Shang, Y., Lian, Y., Chen, H., & Qian, F. (2023). The impacts of energy resource and tourism on green growth: Evidence from Asian economies. Resources Policy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2023.103359.
Song, L., Xue, Y., & Tufail, M. (2025). Tourism Development and Sustainable Green Growth: Evidence From the Top 10 International Tourist‐Receiving Economies. Sustainable Development. https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.70078.
Wang, S., & Cheablam, O. (2025). Sustainable Tourism and Its Environmental and Economic Impacts: Fresh Evidence from Major Tourism Hubs. Sustainability. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17115058.
Wani, M., Loganathan, N., & Mujalli, A. (2024). The impact of sustainable development goals (SDGs) on tourism growth. Empirical evidence from G-7 countries. Cogent Social Sciences, 10. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2024.2397535.
Zhai, S., Li, R., & Yang, Y. (2023). Studying environmental and economic considerations on tourism activities in achieving sustainable development goals: implications for sustainability. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 30, 125774-125789. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-30803-2.
Zhang, H., Liang, Q., Li, Y., & Gao, P. (2023). Promoting eco-tourism for the green economic recovery in ASEAN. Economic Change and Restructuring, 56, 2021 - 2036. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10644-023-09492-x.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Yudhi Anggoro, Sarlotha Selan, Mahyadi Mahyadi (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
