Post-Truth Politics: The Challenge of Disinformation to the Quality of Electoral Democracy
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62872/b0tr5m50Keywords:
Artificial Intelligence; Digital Regulation; Disinformation; Electoral Democracy; Post-Truth PoliticsAbstract
The phenomenon of post-truth politics has shifted the epistemic foundations of electoral democracy by placing emotions and identity above empirical facts. In the context of elections, digital disinformation not only influences individual political preferences but also erodes the legitimacy of democratic institutions and public trust in electoral outcomes. This article aims to analyze the mechanisms of disinformation, cross-national patterns, its impact on the quality of democracy, and policy responses during the 2021–2025 period. The study employs a Systematic Literature Review approach of 18 reputable international journal articles. The findings indicate that disinformation operates through a reinforcement effect, polarizing perceptions of electoral integrity, and is further exacerbated by the emergence of AI-generated content and deepfakes that create an epistemic crisis. Comparative analysis of the United States, Brazil, Indonesia, and the European Union reveals patterns of delegitimization, identity polarization, and manipulation of strategic issues such as migration and religion. Mitigation efforts include digital literacy initiatives, algorithmic transparency, and the strengthening of journalism, although their effectiveness is constrained by partisan polarization. This article argues that disinformation in the post-truth era constitutes a systemic threat to electoral democracy and requires a multidimensional and sustainable response.
Downloads
References
Adam, D. (2025). Post-truth politics in an election year: Digital disinformation and political polarization in Indonesia and the United States. Journal of Political Innovation and Analysis. https://doi.org/10.59261/jpia.v2i1.9
Bertoli, J., Da Silva, E., Casarejos, F., & Rufin, C. (2025). The loss of a common world: Disinformation, post-truth and democratic instability. Organizações & Sociedade. https://doi.org/10.1590/1984-92302025v32n0002en
Casero-Ripollés, A., Alonso-Muñoz, L., & Moret-Soler, D. (2025). Spreading false content in political campaigns: Disinformation in the 2024 European Parliament elections. Media and Communication. https://doi.org/10.17645/mac.9525
Chen, Y. (2025). Artificial intelligence and digital imaging: Future trends in editing and ethical concerns. Journal of Sociology and Education. https://doi.org/10.63887/jse.2025.1.2.7
De Rosa, R., & Criscitiello, A. (2025). Framing disinformation and malign foreign information influence: A focus on the electoral arena. Media, War & Conflict. https://doi.org/10.1177/17506352251345669
Ecker, U. K. H., Roozenbeek, J., Van Der Linden, S., Tay, L., Cook, J., Oreskes, N., & Lewandowsky, S. (2024). Misinformation poses a bigger threat to democracy than you might think. Nature, 630, 29–32. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-024-01587-3
Farooq, A., Van Den Hoogen, E., Tulin, M., & De Vreese, C. (2025). Generative AI generating concerns: Citizens’ perspectives during the 2024 European elections. The International Journal of Press/Politics. https://doi.org/10.1177/19401612251376060
Guedes, I., Vigo, B., Santos, M., Moreira, S., Cardoso, C., & Castro, J. (2025). Disinformation dynamics and regulation in Portugal: Insights from a qualitative study. European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research, 31, 529–557. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10610-025-09617-0
Haapala, T., & Roch, J. (2025). Post-truth politics in action? Representation of the media in Spanish radical parties’ electoral campaigns. Media and Communication. https://doi.org/10.17645/mac.9514
Mauk, M., & Grömping, M. (2023). Online disinformation predicts inaccurate beliefs about election fairness among both winners and losers. Comparative Political Studies, 57, 965–998. https://doi.org/10.1177/00104140231193008
Mizutani, L. (2025). The poetics of mockery against the far-right disinformation machine in digital platforms. Ephemera: Revista do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Artes Cênicas da Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto. https://doi.org/10.70446/ephemera.v8i15.8169
Pawelec, M. (2022). Deepfakes and democracy (theory): How synthetic audio-visual media for disinformation and hate speech threaten core democratic functions. Digital Society, 1. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44206-022-00010-6
Pérez-Curiel, C., Domínguez-García, R., & Velasco-Molpeceres, A. (2021). High-quality journalism in the face of Donald Trump’s theory of electoral fraud: The information strategy of the media in the 2020 US presidential election. El Profesional de la Información. https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2021.nov.19
Rossini, P., Mont’Alverne, C., & Kalogeropoulos, A. (2023). Explaining beliefs in electoral misinformation in the 2022 Brazilian election: The role of ideology, political trust, social media, and messaging apps. Harvard Kennedy School Misinformation Review. https://doi.org/10.37016/mr-2020-115
Schipper, T. (2025). Disinformation by design: Leveraging solutions to combat misinformation in the Philippines’ 2025 election. Data & Policy, 7. https://doi.org/10.1017/dap.2025.18
Sivalo, D. (2024). An analysis of the role of disinformation in elections. African Journal of Inclusive Societies. https://doi.org/10.59186/si.hy74fj87
Sulastri, S., Parsetyo, T., & Purnawan, A. (2025). Disinformation and cyber propaganda in Indonesian elections: The urgency of updating election law regulations. Journal of Law and Regulation Governance. https://doi.org/10.57185/jlarg.v3i6.123
Syrovátka, J., Hořejš, N., & Komasová, S. (2023). Towards a model that measures the impact of disinformation on elections. European View, 22, 119–130. https://doi.org/10.1177/17816858231162677
Winger, G., Calfano, B., Vićić, J., & Harknett, R. (2023). Electoral crisis communications: Combatting disinformation and the contest for electoral legitimacy. American Politics Research, 51, 608–618. https://doi.org/10.1177/1532673x231184440
Yessimova, G., & Ashirbekova, G. (2025). Problems of post-truth manipulation in the context of elections. Bulletin of L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. Journalism Series. https://doi.org/10.32523/2616-7174-2025-151-2-108-119
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Fitri Arianti Saputri (Author)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.





